|Consonant |Copula |Diphtong |Elative case |Focus |Future tense |Genitive |Gender |Head |Illative case |Inessive case |Inflection |Intonation |Morpheme |Negation |Nominative case |Noun |Numeral |Object |Partitive case |Perfect |Phoneme |Possesive suffix |Prefix |Preposition |Pronoun |Question |Root |Sentence |Singular |Stem |Subject |Suffix |Translative case |Verb |Vowel |Wh-question|
Here's a small glossary of linguistic terms in alphabetical order. Terms are also linked to a certain article wich give further infrormation.
Abessive case is a case that expresses the lack or absence of the referent of the noun it marks. It has the meaning of the English preposition without.
The term abessive case is used especially in studies of Finno-Ugric grammar. Its synonym caritive case is used in the description of some other languages, notably Caucasian ones.
Abessive case is marked with -tta-ending.
Ablative case is a case that expresses a variety of meanings including: location, source,(direction), and time.
Ablative case is marked with -lta-ending.
Accusative case is the case in nominative-accusative languages that marks certain syntactic functions, usually direct objects.
Usually, Finnish grammar don't mention accusative, because it looks like genitive or nominative. Only personal pronouns has their own separated accusative forms.
An adjective is a word that belongs to a class whose members modify nouns. An adjective specifies the properties or attributes of a noun referent.
An affix is a bound morpheme that is joined before, after, or within a root or stem.
Agreement refers to a formal relationship between elements whereby a form of one word requires a corresponding form of another.
Eg. Subjects and verbs must correspond to one another in number: Me syömme puuroa.
Allative case is a case that expresses motion to or toward the referent of the noun it marks.
It ends with -lle
More...Case is a grammatical category determined by the syntactic or semantic function of a noun or pronoun.
More...A conjunction is a word that
A conjunction is positionally fixed relative to one or more of the elements related by it, thus distinguishing it from constituents such as English conjunctive adverbs.
Eg. mutta (but), tai (or) ja (and)
A consonant is a sound made by a partial or complete closure of the vocal tract.
The consonants used in Finnish are: d, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v. More...
Diphtongs in Finnish are: ai, ei, oi, ui, yi, äi , öi, au, eu, iu, ou, äy, öy, ie, uo, yöMore...
Elative case is a case expressing motion out of or away from the referent of the noun it marks.
It ends with -sta.
More...Essive case is a case that expresses the temporary state of the referent specified by a noun.
The case has the meaning of
A finite verb is a verb form that
Focus is a term that refers to information, in a sentence, that
Future tense is an absolute tense that refers to a time after the moment of utterance.
In Finnish, there is no real future tense, but present tense is used in this function.
Genitive case is a case in which the referent of the marked noun is the possessor of the referent of another noun. In Finnish , genitive has many functions, like marking the object.
The head of a phrase is the element that determines the syntactic function of the whole phrase.
Illative case is a case that expresses motion into or direction toward the referent of the noun it marks.
Eg. Taloon (into the house)
Inessive case is a case that expresses a location within the referent of the noun it marks.
talossa (in the house)
More...Inflection is variation in the form of a word, typically by means of an affix, that expresses a grammatical contrast which is obligatory for the stem’s word class in some given grammatical context.
The main verb of an English sentence must be inflected for subject and tense:
In Finnish, there is lot of inflection. Verbs inflect in person, number, tense and mood ( these patterns are often called paradigms).
Imperative mood is mood that signals directive modality, especially in commands. Its use may be extended to signal permission.
Intonation is the system of levels (rising and falling) and variations in pitch sequences within speech.
Locative case is a case that expresses location at the referent of the noun it marks. In Finnish there is six locative cases:
A modifier is a constituent, in an endocentric construction, that imparts information relating to the head of the construction.
Eg. In the construction the very hot soup, the constituents the and very hot are modifiers of soup, the head of the construction.
A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in the grammar of a language.
There is lexical morphemes, like talo (a house), and grammatical morphemes, like enging -ssa; talossa (in the house).Negation is
Nominative case is the case that identifies clause subjects in nominative-accusative languages. The nouns you find in dictionary, are in nominative case.
More...A noun is a member of a syntactic class
A numeral is a word, functioning most typically as an adjective or pronoun, that expresses a number, and relation to the number, such as sequence.
Here are two senses for object:
Partitive case is a case that expresses the partial nature of the referent of the noun it marks, as opposed to expressing the whole unit or class of which the referent is a part.
This case may be found in items such as the following:
It is marked by -a/-ta ending. It often has a meaning similar to the English word some.
A perfect is a grammaticalization of the current relevance, at the moment of utterance, of an event or state that occurred prior to the moment of utterance.
A phoneme is the smallest contrastive unit in the sound system of a language.
The phonemes in Finnish are: a, d, e, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, u, v, y, ä, ö, ŋ and ?.More...A prefix is an affix that is joined before a root or stem.
A subject is a grammatical relation that exhibits certain independent syntactic properties, such as the following: