Venla

Glossary of terms

Phonetics

Consonant gradation

The length of phoneme is important in Finnish, because it has distinctive function. For example : tuli - tuuli - tulli. (fire, wind, customs.)

One side of this phenomenon is the consonant gradiation, wich means that length of plosives (k, p, t) vary.

Basic gradation
Strong grade Weak grade
kk/pp/tt k/p/t
kukka
pappi
matto

kukan
papin
maton
k/p/t -/v/d
käki
käpy
koti

käen
kävyn
kodin

Other gradations
Strong grade Weak grade
mp mm
lampi lammen
nt/lt/rt nn/ll/rr
santa
lanta
ranta
sannan
lannan
rannan
nk ng
kenkä kengän
k v
suku suvun
lke/rke/hke lje/rje/hje
kärki kärjen

Basic rule: strong grade is used in the syllable is open (ends with vowel), weak grade when syllable is closed (ends with consonant). Usually this means, that when you add an ending wich closes the syllable (for example genetive -n) you must use weak grade.