COMPETITION
a) Keyness
The
lemma ‘competition’ was the three hundred and first most
significant key word in the BEC corpus.
|
N |
Word |
bec freq. |
bec.lst % |
bnc freq. |
bnc.lst % |
Keyness |
P |
|
301 |
COMPETITION |
254 |
0.02 |
193 |
- |
94.6 |
0.000000 |
b) Semantic Prosody
Left:
Two groups identified, though one of them small.
|
semantic prosody |
frequency/ 254 & % |
example |
|
toughness
of competition |
24
- 9.44% |
unbridled competition fierce competition aggressive competition |
|
object
of competition |
7 -
2.75% |
business competition chip competition |
Right:
No distinct groups found, but see the colligation section below for examples of
prepositional usage.
c) Three-word clusters
|
N |
cluster |
Freq. |
|
1 |
competition
for the |
23 |
|
2 |
for
the future |
18 |
|
3 |
competition
in the |
11 |
|
4 |
the
future is |
11 |
|
5 |
future
is different |
7 |
|
6 |
is
competition to |
7 |
|
7 |
foreshorten
migration paths |
5 |
|
8 |
foresight
and intellectual |
5 |
|
9 |
to
foreshorten migration |
5 |
|
10 |
and
intellectual leadership |
4 |
|
11 |
for
the present |
4 |
|
12 |
from
the competition |
4 |
|
13 |
karel van miert |
4 |
|
14 |
of
competition for |
4 |
|
15 |
of
competition from |
4 |
|
16 |
rules
of competition |
4 |
|
17 |
stages
of competition |
4 |
|
18 |
the
rules of |
4 |
d) Macro-generic distribution
e) Colligation
COBUILD Sense 2 (the people you are competing with -
the competition)
9
instances - 3.54% of sample
Patterns:
Singular noun - the
More differentiation from the competition
is needed, is required in these new markets
COBUILD
Sense 3 (firms competing for business - the state of competition)
232
instances - 91.33% of sample
Patterns:
Uncount noun
competition
for market position, However, it faces competition from Volkswagen
COBUILD
Sense 4 (the goods a rival is selling)
9
instances - 3.54% of sample
Patterns:
Uncount noun
the
company is facing some chip competition
COBUILD
Sense 5 (a competition)
4
instances - 1.57% of sample
Patterns:
Variable noun
every
consumer will be entitled to enter a competition
Other
patterns:
i) Prepositional usage: (these
show who/what are competing):
30
instances - 11.81% of sample
competition + among, competition +
between, competition + from, competition + with
competition
among phone companies, competition
between firms, competition from its own rival, competition with rival
-includes
one example of where the competition
is: competition from abroad
ii) competition + for: (these show what is being
competed for):
competition
for skilled employees, competition for the future
37
instances - 14.56% of sample
iii) noun + of + competition:
32
instances - 12.59% of sample
the
next phase of competition, the rules of competition, three stages of
competition
f) Associates
The
word ‘competition’ was key in 7 files. The only
associate found was ‘competition’ itself.