DEVELOPMENT
a) Keyness
The
lemma ‘development’ was the one hundred and eighty-eighth
most significant key word in the BEC corpus.
|
N |
Word |
bec freq. |
bec.lst % |
bnc freq. |
bnc.lst % |
Keyness |
P |
|
188 |
DEVELOPMENT |
557 |
0.05 |
509 |
0.03 |
144.4 |
0.000000 |
b) Semantic Prosody
Left: Three main groups identified,
though the second group is here split into positive, negative and neutral nature of development. In the what is being developed category the
collocates are virtually all either directly to do with business, product, export, industrial, or business
related, administration, systems
development.
|
semantic prosody |
frequency/ 517 & % |
example |
|
what
is being developed |
182
- 35.2% |
business development economic development competency development product development |
|
nature
of development (positive) |
30
- 5.8% |
value-enhancing development major development |
|
nature
of development (negative) |
1 -
0.19% |
slow development |
|
nature
of development (neutral) |
22
- 4.25% |
our own development further development |
|
where
development is taking place |
14
- 2.12% |
Asian development in-house development |
Right:
Two groups identified.
|
semantic prosody |
frequency/ & % |
example |
|
people
& groups of people |
32
- 6.18% |
development
director development
engineer |
|
institutions/companies |
18
- 3.48% |
development
bank development
centre |
c) Three-word clusters
|
N |
cluster |
Freq. |
|
2 |
research
and development |
36 |
|
3 |
development
of the |
20 |
|
4 |
in
the development |
16 |
|
5 |
and
development of |
12 |
|
6 |
training
and development |
8 |
|
7 |
and
the development |
7 |
|
8 |
the
export development |
7 |
|
9 |
electrolux rapid development |
6 |
|
10 |
export
development counsellors |
6 |
|
11 |
to
the development |
6 |
|
12 |
century
leaders of |
5 |
|
13 |
contribute
to the |
5 |
|
14 |
development
of a |
5 |
|
15 |
in
research and |
5 |
|
16 |
installation
and servicing |
5 |
|
17 |
the
development and |
5 |
|
18 |
accelerated
development for |
4 |
|
19 |
and
development activities |
4 |
|
20 |
development
for #st |
4 |
|
21 |
development
of data |
4 |
|
22 |
development
of new |
4 |
|
23 |
electrolux electrolux rapid |
4 |
|
24 |
for
#st century |
4 |
|
25 |
for
the development |
4 |
|
26 |
learning
and development |
4 |
|
27 |
new
product development |
4 |
|
28 |
of
its development |
4 |
|
29 |
product
development and |
4 |
d) Macro-generic distribution
e) Colligation
COBUILD
Sense 1 (gradual growth or formation of something)
172
instances - 33.26% of sample
Patterns:
Uncount noun (often noun + of + noun)
The development of the global business
practitioner
COBUILD
Sense 2 (growth or expansion of company/organisation)
138
instances - 26.69 % of sample
Patterns:
Uncount noun - often with of
future
development of the firm
COBUILD
Sense 3 (the process of making a design better or more advanced)
193
instances - 37.33% of sample
Patterns:
Variable noun
product
development, the development of the new engines, applications development
COBUILD
Sense 4 (making an area of land more useful/profitable)
11
instances - 2.12% of sample
Patterns:
Uncount noun
regional
development funding
COBUILD
Sense 5 ( a recently happened event likely to affect
the present)
2
instances - 0.38% of sample
Patterns:
Count noun
A recent development is the merging of
S&H with ...
COBUILD
Sense 6 (an area of houses)
1
instance - 0.19% of sample
Patterns:
Count noun
property
development
Other
patterns:
i) noun
(group) + and + development:
research
and development, resale and development, learning and development
81
instances - 15.66% of sample
ii) development + and + activity(concrete nouns)
development
and integration, development and planning, career development and company benefits
30
instances - 5.8% of sample
iii) development + of (referring to people/company/products/time)
development
of capital markets, development of our employees, development of all our staff
91
instances - 17.6% of sample
iv) the + development + of (referring to
people/company/products/time)
the
development of professional systems, the development of local banking
45
instances - 8.7% of sample
v) A
strong tendency to be part of compound nouns. Most are pre-modified:
e.g. sustainable development, product development, business development
But
also post-modified:
e.g. development needs, development plan, development projects
f) Associates
|
N |
WORD |
NO. OF FILES |
AS % |
|
1 |
DEVELOPMENT |
13 |
100.00 |
|
2 |
BUSINESS |
8 |
61.54 |
|
3 |
MANAGEMENT |
6 |
46.15 |
|
4 |
SYSTEMS |
6 |
46.15 |
|
5 |
EXECUTIVE |
6 |
46.15 |