PRODUCTION
a) Keyness
The
lemma ‘production’ was the two hundred and fourth most
significant key word in the BEC corpus.
|
N |
Word |
bec freq. |
bec.lst % |
bnc freq. |
bnc.lst % |
Keyness |
P |
|
204 |
PRODUCTION |
267 |
0.03 |
167 |
- |
133.5 |
0.000000 |
b) Semantic Prosody
Basically
two groups identified here, though the second group (nature of production) has
been split into positive, negative and neutral. Combined, there are 45
instances in this second group, constituting 17.11% of the sample.
Left:
Four groups identified.
|
semantic prosody |
frequency/ 263 & % |
example |
|
products (what
is produced) |
21
- 7.98% |
airplane production cement production component production |
|
nature
of production (positive) |
6 -
2.28% |
flexible production streamlined production |
|
nature
of production (negative) |
10
- 3.8% |
defective production inefficient production |
|
nature
of production (neutral) |
29
- 11.02% |
automated production industrial production |
Right:
No
clear groups identified but see colligation section below.
c) Three-word clusters
|
N |
cluster |
Freq. |
|
1 |
the
production of |
10 |
|
2 |
in
the production |
7 |
|
3 |
production
and installation |
7 |
|
4 |
cost
of production |
6 |
|
5 |
installation
and servicing |
6 |
|
6 |
at
# prices |
4 |
|
7 |
at
standard hours |
4 |
|
8 |
consumables
the # |
4 |
|
9 |
for
quality assurance |
4 |
|
10 |
for
the production |
4 |
|
11 |
hours
less budget |
4 |
|
12 |
production
at standard |
4 |
|
13 |
production
valued at |
4 |
|
14 |
quality
assurance in |
4 |
|
15 |
standard
hours less |
4 |
|
16 |
the
# budget |
4 |
|
17 |
valued
at # |
4 |
d) Macro-generic distribution
e) Colligation
COBUILD
Sense 1 (process of production)
180
instances - 68.44% of sample
Patterns:
Uncount noun (often into)
diesel
injection system will not be put into production for Volkswagen
Companyname
can now plan production to ensure energy intensive operation
COBUILD
Sense 2 (production = output)
75
instances - 28.51% of sample
Patterns:
Uncount noun
Car sales and production are set to fall
next year
OPEC’s decision to boost oil production
by 10 per cent
COBUILD
Sense 5 ( a stage production)
1
instance - 0.38% of sample
Patterns:
Count noun
D’Oyly
Carte was offered the gift of a co-production with
Other
COBUILD definitions:
production line: 7 instances - 2.66% of
sample
Other
patterns:
i) production
+ of + products/services
production
of statutory accounts, production of instant photographs
14
instances - 5.23% of sample
ii) production + plural nouns
production
activities, production facilities, production costs, production processes
40
instances - 15.2% of sample
f) Associates
The
word ‘production’ was key in 9 files. The only
associate > =5 was ‘production’ itself.
Comments
1. In COBUILD, Sense 3 of ‘production’ is given as the results of a natural process with a pattern of production of. In this sample there are 14 instances - of production of. These examples, however,
refer to business rather than natural processes, e.g. production of business, production of instant photographs for
customers. The data here, therefore, whilst matching the typical patterning
shown by COBUILD, does not match it semantically.