Tuorla Observatory blazar monitoring

Optical light curves

Main characteristics

Telescopes used
- the 35 cm telescope at the KVA observatory on La Palma, Canary islands, Spain,
- the 1.03 m telescope at Tuorla Observatory, Finland,
- the 50 cm Searchlight Observatory Network telescope, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile,
- the 40 cm Searchlight Observatory Network telescope, New Mexico, USA,
- the 60 cm telesocpe at Belogradchik, Bulgaria, and
- the 80 cm Joan Oró Telescope at Montsec Astronomical Observatory, Spain.

All data were taken through the Cousins R-filter.

The light curves have been grouped as follows:

"VHE gamma-ray emitting blazars and AGNs" : Blazars and AGNs listed in "TeVCat: An online catalog for Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy" (Wakely, S.P. & Horan, D., Proceedings of the 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference) with δ(J2000.0) > -31 deg.
"Other blazars and AGNs" : A collection of Blazars and other AGN.
"Fermi-LAT bright sources" : A collection of bright AGNs detected in HE gamma rays by Fermi-LAT.

The plots show the light curves of the object (purple) and the control star (green). The latter is used to check possible problems with the comparison star and the overall quality of the photometry. The data presented are one-hour averages.

Further notes on the tables :

The FOV of the finding charts is 12 arcmin, unless otherwise noted.
For some sources we have used our own preliminary calibration for the comparison stars.
For some sources the control star light curves (green points) have been shifted in the vertical direction to enable better scaling of the light curve.
In the "Obs epochs" column, the right end of the image corresponds to 12:00 UT on the date of the last update, left end to this date - 100 days.

Observers : R. Bachev, A. Berdyugin, S. Ciprini, V. Fallah Ramazani, A. Halkola, C. Harlingten, T. Hovatta, J. Jormanainen, V. Kadenius, P. Kehusmaa, N. Koivisto, E. Lindfors, A. Nabizadeh, K. Nilsson, P. Nurmi, A. Oksanen, L. Ostorero, C. Palmroos, M. Pasanen, R. Reinthal, J. Saarinen, J. Sainio, A. Somero, A. Strigachev, L. O. Takalo, N. Talebpour Sheshvan, T. Tuominen, C. Villforth, T. Vornanen, S. Wagner, F. Wierda

Data policy

The lightcurves shown on these pages are intended as a quick-look service for our monitoring group and for the MAGIC consortium. They are made public here to aid multiwavelength campaigns, which sometimes require quick response times. If you want to use some of the data for a publication, please do not extract the data from the images. Contact us and ask for the possibility of getting the data you need.

Data reduction procedure and intrepretation for ten (2002-2012) years of R-band monitoring data for 31 northern sky blazars are available at K. Nilsson et al. (2018, A&A, 620, 185). The main properties of the targets and observing log are available at: Strasbourg astronomical Data Center (CDS-Vizier)

Manuals and useful links

KVA Operation Manual (password protected)
KVA Maintenance Manual (password protected)
Coordinated observations (password protected)
Sunset and sunrise time
KVA twilights (La Palma local time)
NOT weather page
GTC Sky camera
Summary of weather information in ORM
Location of telescopes at ORM

Light curves

Updated Fri Sep 29 12:25:53 PM EEST 2023

FERMI bright targets (password protected)

TeV blazars and AGNs
Name	Finding chart	Lightcurve		Obs epochs (last 100 days)	Days since last observation
1ES 0033+595	Find	Mag	Jy		2
S2 0109+22	Find	Mag	Jy		5
RGB 0136+391	Find	Mag	Jy		1
RGB 0214+517	Find	Mag	Jy		5
B2 0218+35	Find	Mag	Jy		5
3C 66A	Find	Mag	Jy		5
1ES 0229+200	Find	Mag	Jy		5
NGC 1275	Find	Mag	Jy		272
HB89 0317+185	Find	Mag	Jy		5
1ES 0414+009	Find	Mag	Jy		1
1ES 0502+675	Find	Mag	Jy		5
TXS 0506+056	Find	Mag	Jy		4
VER 0521+211	Find	Mag	Jy		4
VER 0648+151	Find	Mag	Jy		3
1ES 0647+250	Find	Mag	Jy		3
RGB 0710+591	Find	Mag	Jy		4
S5 0716+714	Find	Mag	Jy		1
NVSS J073326+515355	Find	Mag	Jy		3
1ES 0806+524	Find	Mag	Jy		3
RGB 0847+115	Find	Mag	Jy		142
OJ 287	Find	Mag	Jy		3
S4 0954+65	Find	Mag	Jy		3
1ES 1011+496	Find	Mag	Jy		3
RX J1058.5+2817	Find	Mag	Jy		150
Mkn 421	Find	Mag	Jy		139
Mkn 180	Find	Mag	Jy		5
RGB 1136+676	Find	Mag	Jy		3
4C 29.45	Find	Mag	Jy		142
ON 325	Find	Mag	Jy		143
1ES 1218+304	Find	Mag	Jy		135
ON 231	Find	Mag	Jy		147
MS 1221.8+2452	Find	Mag	Jy		89
ON 238	Find	Mag	Jy		135
ON 246	Find	Mag	Jy		89
3C 279	Find	Mag	Jy		126
PKS 1413+135	Find	Mag	Jy		59
B2 1420+32	Find	Mag	Jy		23
PG 1424+240	Find	Mag	Jy		45
1ES 1426+428	Find	Mag	Jy		21
1ES 1440+122	Find	Mag	Jy		46
PKS 1441+25	Find	Mag	Jy		24
PKS 1510-089	Find	Mag	Jy		118
AP Lib	Find	Mag	Jy		1480
TXS 1515-273	Find	Mag	Jy		1498
PG 1553+113	Find	Mag	Jy		22
Mkn 501	Find	Mag	Jy		5
H 1722+119	Find	Mag	Jy		21
OT 546	Find	Mag	Jy		3
1ES 1741+196	Find	Mag	Jy		2
HB89 1749+096	Find	Mag	Jy		2
B2 1811+31	Find	Mag	Jy		3
1ES 1959+650	Find	Mag	Jy		3
MG4 J200112+4352	Find	Mag	Jy		3
1ES 2037+521	Find	Mag	Jy		5
PKS 2155-304	Find	Mag	Jy		1381
BL Lac	Find	Mag	Jy		3
RGB J2243+203	Find	Mag	Jy		4
B3 2247+381	Find	Mag	Jy		1
1ES 2344+514	Find	Mag	Jy		2

Other blazars and AGN
Name	Finding chart	Lightcurve		Obs epochs (last 100 days)	Days since last observation
BZB J0022+0006	Find	Mag	Jy		6
RX J00352+1515	Find	Mag	Jy		2
B3 0037+405	Find	Mag	Jy		6
PKS 0047-051	Find	Mag	Jy		6
4C+31.03	Find	Mag	Jy		6
MS 0158.5+0019	Find	Mag	Jy		6
CGRaBS J0211+1051	Find	Mag	Jy		6
B2 0234+28	Find	Mag	Jy		5
AO 0235+164	Find	Mag	Jy		5
PKS 0256+075	Find	Mag	Jy		5
PKS 0310+013	Find	Mag	Jy		6
RX J03384+1302	Find	Mag	Jy		6
RGB 0505+612	Find	Mag	Jy		5
B2 0716+33	Find	Mag	Jy		3
PKS 0735+178	Find	Mag	Jy		3
CRATES J0905+1358	Find	Mag	Jy		135
RX J1022.7-0112	Find	Mag	Jy		135
RBS 0921	Find	Mag	Jy		138
RBS 0970	Find	Mag	Jy		139
CRATES J1209+1810	Find	Mag	Jy		135
TON 116	Find	Mag	Jy		65
PG 1246+586	Find	Mag	Jy		38
S4 1250+53	Find	Mag	Jy		53
B2 1348+308	Find	Mag	Jy		45
PKS 1406-076	Find	Mag	Jy		136
3FHL J1418.4-0233	Find	Mag	Jy		278
RBS 1409	Find	Mag	Jy		4
PKS 1502+106	Find	Mag	Jy		57
3FHL J1511.8-0513	Find	Mag	Jy		107
BZQ J1514+4450	Find	Mag	Jy		21
3FHL J1520.7-0348	Find	Mag	Jy		59
1ES 1544+820	Find	Mag	Jy		2
3FHL J1546.1+0818	Find	Mag	Jy		24
CRATES J1558+5625	Find	Mag	Jy		2
FGL 1656+6012	Find	Mag	Jy		4
RGB J1754+322	Find	Mag	Jy		2
GB6 J1838+4802	Find	Mag	Jy		3
GB6 B1842+1543	Find	Mag	Jy		324
RGB 1903+556	Find	Mag	Jy		5
3FHL J1942.7+1033	Find	Mag	Jy		305
RGB J2232+117	Find	Mag	Jy		5
TXS 2241+406	Find	Mag	Jy		6
PKS 2247-131	Find	Mag	Jy		7
3C 454.3	Find	Mag	Jy		5